Core_Be/Helpers/CustomerProgressHelper.cs

using Fitness_core_BE.Exceptions;
using Fitness_core_BE.Models;
using Fitness_core_BE.Models.Enums;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Text.Json;

namespace Fitness_core_BE.Helpers
{
    public static class CustomerProgressHelper
    {
        public static CustomerTarget BuildCustomerTarget(
            Guid cusId,
            decimal currentWeight,
            decimal currentHeight,
            decimal? targetWeight,
            string? goal,
            decimal timePeriodMonths,
            ProgressPrediction predictions,
            CustomerTarget? latestTarget,
            DateTime createdAt)
        {
            var timePeriod = timePeriodMonths.ToString("0.##", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);

            return new CustomerTarget
            {
                FKCusId = cusId,
                CurrentWeight = currentWeight,
                CurrentHeight = currentHeight,
                TargetWeight = targetWeight,
                Goal = goal,
                TimePeriod = timePeriod,
                PredictedNutritionsJson = JsonSerializer.Serialize(predictions.PredictedNutritions),
                PredictedWeightsJson = JsonSerializer.Serialize(predictions.PredictedWeights),
                IsChanged = latestTarget != null &&
                    (latestTarget.CurrentWeight != currentWeight ||
                     latestTarget.CurrentHeight != currentHeight ||
                     latestTarget.TargetWeight != targetWeight ||
                     latestTarget.Goal != goal ||
                     latestTarget.TimePeriod != timePeriod),
                CreatedAt = createdAt,
                IsActive = true
            };
        }

        public static object BuildCustomerProgressResponse(CustomerTarget customerTarget)
        {
            return new
            {
                ProgressId = customerTarget.CustomerTargetId,
                customerTarget.CustomerTargetId,
                customerTarget.CurrentWeight,
                customerTarget.CurrentHeight,
                customerTarget.TargetWeight,
                customerTarget.Goal,
                customerTarget.TimePeriod,
                customerTarget.CreatedAt,
                customerTarget.FKCusId,
                customerTarget.IsActive,
                TargetIsChanged = customerTarget.IsChanged,
                TargetCreatedAt = customerTarget.CreatedAt,
                PredictedNutritions = DeserializePayload.DeserializeJson<Dictionary<string, string>>(customerTarget.PredictedNutritionsJson),
                PredictedWeights = DeserializePayload.DeserializeJson<Dictionary<string, decimal>>(customerTarget.PredictedWeightsJson)
            };
        }

        public static ProgressPrediction BuildProgressPredictions(
            decimal weight,
            decimal targetWeight,
            decimal height,
            string? goal,
            decimal timePeriodMonths,
            int age,
            string? gender,
            string? activityLevel)
        {
            ValidatePredictionInput(weight, targetWeight, height, timePeriodMonths, age);

            // Normalize user choices before using them in scientific formulas.
            var goalType = GetGoalType(goal);
            var sex = GetSex(gender);
            var activity = GetActivityLevel(activityLevel);
            ValidateGoalDirection(goalType, weight, targetWeight);

            // Convert the target period into weeks and calculate the requested weekly pace.
            var weeksAvailable = (double)timePeriodMonths * 4.33;
            var totalChange = goalType == ProgressGoalType.Maintain
                ? 0.0
                : Math.Abs((double)(weight - targetWeight));
            var requiredWeeklyChange = weeksAvailable > 0
                ? totalChange / weeksAvailable
                : 0.0;

            // BMR uses Mifflin-St Jeor; TDEE applies the selected activity multiplier.
            var bmr = CalculateBmr(weight, height, age, sex);
            var tdee = bmr * activity.Multiplier;
            var dailyCalorieAdjustment = GetDailyCalorieAdjustment(goalType, requiredWeeklyChange);
            var direction = GetDirection(goalType);

            // Apply calorie deficit, surplus, or maintenance based on the goal.
            var targetCalories = goalType switch
            {
                ProgressGoalType.Loss => tdee - dailyCalorieAdjustment,
                ProgressGoalType.Gain => tdee + dailyCalorieAdjustment,
                _ => tdee
            };

            // Estimate weekly weight change using the 7700 kcal per kg approximation.
            var predictedWeeklyChange = dailyCalorieAdjustment <= 0
                ? 0.0
                : (dailyCalorieAdjustment * 7.0) / 7700.0;

            // Protein depends on goal; fat is 25% of calories; carbs use remaining calories.
            var proteinPerKg = GetProteinFactor(goalType, goal);
            var protein = Math.Round((double)weight * proteinPerKg, 2);
            var fat = Math.Round((targetCalories * 0.25) / 9.0, 2);
            var remainingCalories = targetCalories - (protein * 4.0 + fat * 9.0);
            var carbs = Math.Round(Math.Max(remainingCalories / 4.0, 0.0), 2);
            var bmi = Math.Round(CalculateBmi(weight, height), 2);
            var difficulty = DetermineDifficulty(requiredWeeklyChange);

            // Build a week-by-week projection and prevent values from passing the target weight.
            var totalWeeks = Math.Max(1, (int)Math.Ceiling(weeksAvailable));
            var predictedWeights = new Dictionary<string, decimal>();

            for (var week = 0; week <= totalWeeks; week++)
            {
                var predictedWeight = (double)weight + (direction * predictedWeeklyChange * week);
                predictedWeight = KeepPredictionInsideTarget(goalType, predictedWeight, (double)targetWeight);
                predictedWeights[$"w{week + 1}"] = (decimal)Math.Round(predictedWeight, 1);
            }

            var signedCalorieAdjustment = direction * dailyCalorieAdjustment;

            // Keep output as strings because this JSON is stored and returned directly to clients.
            var predictedNutritions = new Dictionary<string, string>
            {
                ["calories"] = $"{FormatNumber(targetCalories)} kcal/day",
                ["targetCalories"] = $"{FormatNumber(targetCalories)} kcal/day",
                ["bmr"] = $"{FormatNumber(bmr)} kcal/day",
                ["tdee"] = $"{FormatNumber(tdee)} kcal/day",
                ["protein"] = $"{FormatNumber(protein)}g",
                ["fat"] = $"{FormatNumber(fat)}g",
                ["carbs"] = $"{FormatNumber(carbs)}g",
                ["bmi"] = FormatNumber(bmi),
                ["activityLevel"] = activity.Label,
                ["activityMultiplier"] = FormatNumber(activity.Multiplier),
                ["dailyCalorieChange"] = $"{FormatSignedNumber(signedCalorieAdjustment)} kcal/day",
                ["requiredWeeklyWeightChange"] = $"{FormatNumber(requiredWeeklyChange)} kg/week",
                ["predictedWeeklyWeightChange"] = $"{FormatNumber(predictedWeeklyChange)} kg/week",
                ["difficulty"] = difficulty,
                ["intensity"] = difficulty
            };

            return new ProgressPrediction
            {
                PredictedNutritions = predictedNutritions,
                PredictedWeights = predictedWeights,
                Intensity = difficulty
            };
        }

        // Re-projects just the weight trajectory (not the nutrition targets, which need
        // activityLevel — a one-time input never persisted on CustomerTarget) from the
        // customer's latest logged weight to their existing target, over however much of
        // the original plan window is left. Called whenever a weight update changes
        // CurrentWeight, so the "goal" line reflects real progress instead of staying
        // fixed to the weight recorded at onboarding.
        public static Dictionary<string, decimal> RebuildPredictedWeights(
            decimal currentWeight,
            decimal targetWeight,
            string? goal,
            double remainingWeeks)
        {
            var goalType = GetGoalType(goal);
            var direction = GetDirection(goalType);

            var totalChange = goalType == ProgressGoalType.Maintain
                ? 0.0
                : Math.Abs((double)(currentWeight - targetWeight));
            var weeklyChange = remainingWeeks > 0 ? totalChange / remainingWeeks : 0.0;

            var totalWeeks = Math.Max(1, (int)Math.Ceiling(remainingWeeks));
            var predictedWeights = new Dictionary<string, decimal>();
            for (var week = 0; week <= totalWeeks; week++)
            {
                var predictedWeight = (double)currentWeight + (direction * weeklyChange * week);
                predictedWeight = KeepPredictionInsideTarget(goalType, predictedWeight, (double)targetWeight);
                predictedWeights[$"w{week + 1}"] = (decimal)Math.Round(predictedWeight, 1);
            }
            return predictedWeights;
        }

        public static int GetProgressPredictionAge(Dictionary<string, JsonElement> data, Customer customer, DateTime asOf)
        {
            var age = DataExtractor.GetNullableInt(data, "age");

            if (age.HasValue)
            {
                if (age.Value <= 0)
                    throw new BadRequestException("Field 'age' must be greater than zero.");

                return age.Value;
            }

            if (!customer.BoD.HasValue)
                throw new BadRequestException("Field 'age' is required when customer date of birth is not available.");

            var calculatedAge = CalculateAge(customer.BoD.Value, asOf);
            if (calculatedAge <= 0)
                throw new BadRequestException(
                    $"The date of birth on this profile ({customer.BoD.Value:yyyy-MM-dd}) is today or in " +
                    "the future, so an age can't be worked out. Update the date of birth on the profile, " +
                    "or send an explicit 'age' with this request.");

            return calculatedAge;
        }

        public static string GetProgressPredictionGender(Dictionary<string, JsonElement> data, Customer customer)
        {
            var gender = DataExtractor.GetOptionalStringByKeys(data, "gender", "Gender") ?? customer.Gender;
            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(gender))
                return gender;

            throw new BadRequestException("Field 'gender' is required when customer gender is not available.");
        }

        public static int CalculateAge(DateOnly birthDate, DateTime asOf)
        {
            var today = DateOnly.FromDateTime(asOf);
            var age = today.Year - birthDate.Year;

            if (birthDate > today.AddYears(-age))
                age--;

            return age;
        }

        public static bool IsMaintainGoal(string goal)
        {
            var normalizedGoal = NormalizeText(goal);
            return normalizedGoal is "maintain" or "maintain weight";
        }

        private static void ValidatePredictionInput(
            decimal weight,
            decimal targetWeight,
            decimal height,
            decimal timePeriodMonths,
            int age)
        {
            if (weight <= 0)
                throw new ArgumentException("Field 'currentWeight' must be greater than zero.");

            if (targetWeight <= 0)
                throw new ArgumentException("Field 'targetWeight' must be greater than zero.");

            if (height <= 0)
                throw new ArgumentException("Field 'currentHeight' must be greater than zero.");

            if (timePeriodMonths <= 0)
                throw new ArgumentException("Field 'timePeriod' must be greater than zero.");

            if (age <= 0)
                throw new ArgumentException("Field 'age' must be greater than zero.");
        }

        private static ProgressGoalType GetGoalType(string? goal)
        {
            var normalizedGoal = NormalizeText(goal);

            return normalizedGoal switch
            {
                "lose weight" => ProgressGoalType.Loss,
                "gain muscle" => ProgressGoalType.Gain,
                "body recomposition" => ProgressGoalType.Maintain,
                "strength" => ProgressGoalType.Strength,
                "endurance" => ProgressGoalType.Endurance,
                "athletic performance" => ProgressGoalType.AthleticPerformance,
                "stay fit" => ProgressGoalType.StayFit,
                "flexibility" => ProgressGoalType.StayFit,
                "beginner" => ProgressGoalType.Beginner,

                _ => throw new ArgumentException("Field 'goal' must be one of these")
            };
        }

        private static Sex GetSex(string? gender)
        {
            var normalizedGender = NormalizeText(gender);

            return normalizedGender switch
            {
                "male" or "m" => Sex.Male,
                "female" or "f" => Sex.Female,
                _ => throw new ArgumentException("Field 'gender' must be either 'Male' or 'Female' for BMR calculation.")
            };
        }

        private static ActivityLevelInfo GetActivityLevel(string? activityLevel)
        {
            var normalizedActivityLevel = NormalizeText(activityLevel);

            return normalizedActivityLevel switch
            {
                "low" => new ActivityLevelInfo("Lightly Active", 1.375),
                "moderate" => new ActivityLevelInfo("Moderately Active", 1.55),
                "high" => new ActivityLevelInfo("Very Active", 1.725),
                _ => throw new ArgumentException("Field 'activityLevel' must be one of: Lightly Active, Moderately Active, Very Active")
            };
        }

        private static void ValidateGoalDirection(ProgressGoalType goalType, decimal weight, decimal targetWeight)
        {
            if (goalType == ProgressGoalType.Loss && targetWeight > weight)
                throw new ArgumentException("Field 'targetWeight' must be less than or equal to current weight for weight loss or fat loss goals.");

            if (goalType == ProgressGoalType.Gain && targetWeight < weight)
                throw new ArgumentException("Field 'targetWeight' must be greater than or equal to current weight for weight gain or muscle gain goals.");
        }

        private static double CalculateBmr(decimal weight, decimal height, int age, Sex sex)
        {
            var baseBmr = (10.0 * (double)weight) + (6.25 * (double)height) - (5.0 * age);
            return sex == Sex.Male
                ? baseBmr + 5.0
                : baseBmr - 161.0;
        }

        private static double CalculateBmi(decimal weight, decimal height)
        {
            var heightMeters = (double)height / 100.0;
            return (double)weight / (heightMeters * heightMeters);
        }

        private static double GetDailyCalorieAdjustment(ProgressGoalType goalType, double requiredWeeklyChange)
        {
            var requestedDailyChange = (requiredWeeklyChange * 7700.0) / 7.0;

            return goalType switch
            {
                ProgressGoalType.Loss => Math.Min(requestedDailyChange, 700.0),
                ProgressGoalType.Gain => Math.Min(requestedDailyChange, 400.0),
                _ => 0.0
            };
        }

        private static double GetProteinFactor(ProgressGoalType goalType, string? goal)
        {
            var normalizedGoal = NormalizeText(goal);

            if (normalizedGoal == "muscle gain")
                return 2.0;

            return goalType switch
            {
                ProgressGoalType.Loss => 2.0,
                ProgressGoalType.Gain => 1.8,
                _ => 1.6
            };
        }

        private static double GetDirection(ProgressGoalType goalType)
        {
            return goalType switch
            {
                ProgressGoalType.Loss => -1.0,
                ProgressGoalType.Gain => 1.0,
                _ => 0.0
            };
        }

        private static double KeepPredictionInsideTarget(ProgressGoalType goalType, double predictedWeight, double targetWeight)
        {
            return goalType switch
            {
                ProgressGoalType.Loss => Math.Max(predictedWeight, targetWeight),
                ProgressGoalType.Gain => Math.Min(predictedWeight, targetWeight),
                _ => predictedWeight
            };
        }

        private static string DetermineDifficulty(double requiredWeeklyChange)
        {
            return requiredWeeklyChange switch
            {
                <= 0.5 => "Easy",
                <= 0.75 => "Moderate",
                <= 1.0 => "Hard",
                _ => "Extreme / Unsafe"
            };
        }

        private static string NormalizeText(string? value)
        {
            var normalized = (value ?? string.Empty)
                .Trim()
                .ToLowerInvariant()
                .Replace("-", " ")
                .Replace("_", " ");

            return string.Join(' ', normalized.Split(' ', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries));
        }

        private static string FormatNumber(double value)
        {
            return value.ToString("0.##", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
        }

        private static string FormatSignedNumber(double value)
        {
            var sign = value > 0 ? "+" : string.Empty;
            return sign + FormatNumber(value);
        }

        private readonly record struct ActivityLevelInfo(string Label, double Multiplier);

        public static string GetPredictedNutritionsJson(Dictionary<string, JsonElement> data)
        {
            var nutritions = data.TryGetValue("predictedNutritions", out var element)
                ? BuildNutritionDictionary(element)
                : BuildNutritionDictionary(data);

            return JsonSerializer.Serialize(nutritions);
        }

        private static Dictionary<string, string> BuildNutritionDictionary(Dictionary<string, JsonElement> data)
        {
            return new Dictionary<string, string>
            {
                ["calories"] = GetRequiredNutritionValueByKeys(data, "calories"),
                ["protein"] = GetRequiredNutritionValue(data, "protein"),
                ["fat"] = GetRequiredNutritionValue(data, "fat"),
                ["carbs"] = GetRequiredNutritionValue(data, "carbs"),
                ["intensity"] = GetRequiredNutritionValue(data, "intensity")
            };
        }

        private static Dictionary<string, string> BuildNutritionDictionary(JsonElement element)
        {
            if (element.ValueKind != JsonValueKind.Object)
                throw new BadRequestException("Field 'predictedNutritions' must be a JSON object.");

            return new Dictionary<string, string>
            {
                ["calories"] = GetRequiredNutritionValueByKeys(element, "calories"),
                ["protein"] = GetRequiredNutritionValue(element, "protein"),
                ["fat"] = GetRequiredNutritionValue(element, "fat"),
                ["carbs"] = GetRequiredNutritionValue(element, "carbs"),
                ["intensity"] = GetRequiredNutritionValue(element, "intensity")
            };
        }

        private static string GetRequiredNutritionValueByKeys(Dictionary<string, JsonElement> data, params string[] keys)
        {
            foreach (var key in keys)
            {
                if (data.TryGetValue(key, out var element))
                    return ReadNutritionValue(element, key);
            }

            throw new BadRequestException($"Missing required field '{keys[0]}'.");
        }

        private static string GetRequiredNutritionValueByKeys(JsonElement source, params string[] keys)
        {
            foreach (var key in keys)
            {
                if (source.TryGetProperty(key, out var element))
                    return ReadNutritionValue(element, key);
            }

            throw new BadRequestException($"Missing required field '{keys[0]}'.");
        }

        private static string GetRequiredNutritionValue(Dictionary<string, JsonElement> data, string key)
        {
            if (!data.TryGetValue(key, out var element))
                throw new BadRequestException($"Missing required field '{key}'.");

            return ReadNutritionValue(element, key);
        }

        private static string GetRequiredNutritionValue(JsonElement source, string key)
        {
            if (!source.TryGetProperty(key, out var element))
                throw new BadRequestException($"Missing required field '{key}'.");

            return ReadNutritionValue(element, key);
        }

        private static string ReadNutritionValue(JsonElement element, string key)
        {
            if (element.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.String)
            {
                var value = element.GetString();
                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
                    return value;
            }

            if (element.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.Number)
                return element.GetRawText();

            throw new BadRequestException($"Field '{key}' must be a non-empty string or number.");
        }

    }

    public sealed class ProgressPrediction
    {
        public Dictionary<string, string> PredictedNutritions { get; set; } = new();
        public Dictionary<string, decimal> PredictedWeights { get; set; } = new();
        public string Intensity { get; set; } = "Moderate";
    }
}